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SELF-EMPLOYED / SOLE TRADER

You know you're affected. Here's exactly when, and what.

Same rules as everyone else in scope — but here's the detail mapped to your actual situation: what counts as your income, when you're actually required to start, what "digital records" really means, and what happens if something slips. (436,000 of the 864,000 people mandated this year missed their first deadline — this page exists so you're not one of them next time.)

What actually counts as "your income"

HMRC calls it your qualifying income — and it's not your profit. It's your gross turnover from self-employment, before you deduct any expenses, allowances or reliefs. If you also have rental income, that's added on top.

Worked example: £27,000 self-employment turnover + £25,000 rental income = £52,000 qualifying income — over the £50,000 threshold, even though neither figure alone reaches it.
Check this yourself on GOV.UK →

Your timeline

NOW

If your 2024/25 income was over £50,000

You've been required to use MTD since 6 April 2026. If you're not registered yet, do it now — HMRC starts auto-enrolling non-registered taxpayers from September 2026.

6 APR 2027

If your 2025/26 income is over £30,000

You'll be brought in from this date, based on your 2025/26 Self Assessment return.

6 APR 2028*

If your 2026/27 income is over £20,000

Expected, but not yet confirmed in law as of writing. Worth checking closer to the date.

EVERY YEAR

Once you're in, the cycle repeats

Quarterly updates due 7 Aug, 7 Nov, 7 Feb, 7 May. Final Declaration and balancing payment due 31 January.

Check this yourself on GOV.UK →

Just starting out, or thinking of stopping?

New to self-employment: you don't need to start using MTD until after you've submitted your first Self Assessment tax return. HMRC checks that return, and if your income is over £30,000, they'll tell you when you need to start.

Income dropped off? If your qualifying income falls below the relevant threshold for three tax years in a row, you can choose to opt out of MTD and go back to ordinary Self Assessment.

What "digital records" actually means

You can't file through the old Self Assessment portal or on paper once you're mandated. You need software that can create and store digital records, send quarterly updates, and submit your Final Declaration.

You don't have to abandon spreadsheets entirely — "bridging software" lets a compatible spreadsheet be digitally linked and submitted through it.

One rule worth knowing: once your records are digital, moving data between two pieces of software has to happen through an automated digital link, not by manually retyping or copy-pasting figures across.

If you run more than one business: each sole trader business (and any property business) needs its own separate quarterly update, submitted separately, four times a year. Two businesses means eight submissions a year, not four.

Full software guidance on GOV.UK →

Doing it yourself, or through an accountant?

  • Keep digital records as you go — HMRC-recognised software, not a shoebox of receipts
  • Submit four quarterly updates yourself, on the fixed dates
  • Reconcile and submit your Final Declaration by 31 January
Nobody else is watching your deadlines for you. This is exactly what the calendar and reminders below are built for.
  • Your real deadline isn't HMRC's date — it's whatever date your accountant needs your records by, which is earlier
  • December and January are your accountant's busiest weeks — the earlier you hand things over, the better service you get
  • A missed handover deadline becomes a missed HMRC deadline, and the penalty is still yours, not theirs
The calendar's reminders help here even if you never touch HMRC's system yourself — they'll nudge you ahead of your accountant's cut-off, not just HMRC's.

What happens if you miss a deadline

Late submissions: one point per missed deadline, capped at one point per deadline even with more than one business. 4 points = £200 fine, then £200 for every further late submission.

Soft landing: no points for late quarterly updates specifically during 2026/27. This does not cover the Final Declaration.

TimingWhat happens
Days 1–15 lateNo penalty
Day 31+ late3% of the tax owed as of day 15, plus a further 3% as of day 30
Ongoing from day 3110% a year accruing daily on whatever remains unpaid
Full, current penalty detail on GOV.UK →

Get sorted

Sole trader questions

I have a side hustle alongside a PAYE job — does that count?

Yes, if the self-employed side counts as trading income on your Self Assessment. Your PAYE salary itself doesn't count toward the threshold — only the self-employment turnover does.

I also have rental income — do I add it to my sole trader income?

Yes. Self-employment and property income are combined for the qualifying income test, even if neither alone reaches the threshold.

I'm CIS-registered — is anything different for me?

No — CIS just changes how tax is deducted at source. You're assessed as an ordinary sole trader against the same thresholds and dates.

What actually goes into a quarterly update?

Category totals for income and expenses for that period — not a detailed transaction list, and not a tax calculation. It's a running summary, not a mini tax return.

I just started trading this year — when do I need to worry about this?

Not until after your first Self Assessment tax return is submitted. HMRC reviews that return and tells you if and when you need to start.

My income has dropped — can I leave MTD?

Yes, if your qualifying income stays below the relevant threshold for three tax years in a row, you can opt out.

Sources